Android MCP Server

A lightweight MCP server for Android operating system automation. This server provides tools to interact directly with Android devices, enabling automated testing, app interaction, and device control.

Features

• Device Control: Click, long click, swipe, drag, and type on Android devices
• State Management: Get device state with optional visual screenshots
• Navigation: Press hardware buttons and access notifications
• Automation: Wait functionality for timing control
• Emulator Support: Works with both physical devices and Android emulators

Prerequisites

• Python 3.13 or higher
• uv package manager
• Android device or emulator with USB debugging enabled
• ADB (Android Debug Bridge) installed and accessible

Installation

1. Install uv (if not already installed)

# macOS/Linux
curl -LsSf https://astral.sh/uv/install.sh | sh

# Windows
powershell -c "irm https://astral.sh/uv/install.ps1 | iex"

# Alternative: using pip
pip install uv

2. Set up the project

# Navigate to the android MCP directory
cd mcp/android

# Install dependencies
uv sync

# Activate the virtual environment (optional, uv run handles this automatically)
source .venv/bin/activate

3. Verify installation

# Test the server
uv run main.py --help

Usage

Running the server

For physical devices:

uv run main.py

For Android emulator:

uv run main.py --emulator

Device Setup

1. Enable Developer Options on your Android device:

   • Go to Settings > About phone
   • Tap "Build number" 7 times

2. Enable USB Debugging:

   • Go to Settings > Developer options
   • Enable "USB debugging"

3. Connect device and verify ADB connection:

   adb devices
   

MCP Server Configuration

Add the following configuration to your MCP client settings (e.g., Claude Desktop, Cline, etc.):

{
  "mcpServers": {
    "android-mcp": {
      "type": "stdio",
      "command": "bash",
      "args": [
        "-c",
        "cd /path/to/agent/mcp/android && source .venv/bin/activate && uv run main.py --emulator"
      ],
      "alwaysAllow": [
        "State-Tool",
        "Click-Tool",
        "Type-Tool",
        "Swipe-Tool"
      ]
    }
  }
}

Note: Update the path in the configuration to match your actual project location.

Configuration Options

• For physical devices: Remove the --emulator flag from the args
• Custom device: Add --device <device_id> to specify a particular device
• alwaysAllow: Pre-approve specific tools to avoid repeated permission prompts

Available Tools

Troubleshooting

Common Issues

1. Device not found:

   • Ensure USB debugging is enabled
   • Check adb devices output
   • Try different USB cables/ports

2. Permission denied:

   • Allow USB debugging permission on device
   • Check device authorization in adb devices

3. Connection timeout:

   • Restart ADB: adb kill-server && adb start-server
   • Reconnect device

4. Python version issues:

   • Ensure Python 3.13+ is installed
   • Use uv python install 3.13 if needed

Emulator Setup

If using Android emulator:

1. Start Android emulator (usually accessible as emulator-5554)
2. Verify connection: adb connect emulator-5554
3. Use --emulator flag when running the server

Development

Project Structure

mcp/android/
├── README.md
├── pyproject.toml
├── main.py           # MCP server entry point
├── src/
│   ├── mobile/       # Device interaction logic
│   └── tree/         # UI tree parsing and state management
└── .venv/           # Virtual environment

Dependencies

• mcp: Model Context Protocol framework
• uiautomator2: Android device automation
• pillow: Image processing for screenshots
• ipykernel: Jupyter kernel support